Radiation induced different hydrogel for water treatment applications by heavy metal uptake

Abstract

The present thesis deals with the synthesis of two amphoteric surfactants 2-((3-carboxyacryloxy)oxy)-3-(hexadecyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylpropane-1-ammonium chloride and N-(2-(carboxyl-atomethoxy)-3-(hexadecyloxy-propyl)dimethyl glycinate are prepared. The critical micelle concentration of the prepared amphoteric surfactants is measured and found to be 0.005and0.0014 mol/L and the surface tension at the critical micelle concentration for the two surfactants is also investigated. The two synthesized amphoteric surfactants are characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectra. The FT-IR spectra showed the presence of functional groups (C-Cl, C=O, C-N, C-O and C=C). Other measurements are determined such as surface tension, interfacial activity (Iact), thermodynamic parameters, free energy of micellization and adsorption (∆Gmic, ∆Gads). Then, the two copolymers hydrogels (AAc/AAm and AAc/PEG) are prepared from acrylic acid/acrylamide and acrylic acid/polyethylene, respectively by gamma irradiation. The gel fraction of the copolymer hydrogel (AAc/AAm and AAc/PEG) are measured and it was found that for poly (AAc/AAm) the gel fraction increases as the content of AAm increases till reach to maximum at 145%, and for poly (AAc/PEG) the content of AAm increases till reach to maximum at 136%. The effect of time on swelling percentage of the copolymer hydrogel (AAc/AAm and AAc/PEG) is measured and it was found that the maximum swelling percentage for poly (AAc/PEG) is 1048 % after 24hrs, and 1025 % for poly (AAc/AAm) after 24 hrs.