Optimal Management of Distribution Networks Regarding Reactive Power Generation

Abstract

In traditional power system network, power flows through three stages: generation, transmission, and distribution. The power flows in one direction from generation until reaching final user in distribution network. In this configuration, the generation process has total authority of the electrical power system; this configuration is defined as a centralized electrical power system. Many problems appear in this configuration such as increasing loss in transmission power lines due to flow of power for large distance. Therefore, the smart grid was developed to improve the power system efficiency and reliability and overcome the issue of power losses in transmission lines. This is achieved through using advanced techniques in metering devices, bidirectional information, networking, and advanced control technology. Distributed generators (DGs) are considered a main feature of a smart grid. DGs are defined as small units connected directly to a distribution network and can be based on Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind and solar, or on traditional energy sources, such as diesel generators. On the other hand, many microgrids are developed through connecting many DGs together to supply a defined load in a rural region with the required power which is difficult to connect with the distribution network. These microgrids depend on RES; therefore, generation power from these sources is random as it depends on atmospheric condition, as well, the load is random depending on the load condition. Therefore an energy management system is necessary to be developed to balance between the active and reactive generation with the required active and reactive power under the operation conditions to achieve the optimal management. Reactive power is very important in an electrical power system; it supports the transfer of the active power, supplies loads with the required