A Diagnostic Value of Serum Level Cyclase-Associated Plasma Protein 2 Versus Alpha Fetoproteins as a novel Biomarker for Detection of Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Abstract

HCC is the third deadliest and fifth most common cancer worldwide, despite the widespread use of surveillance programs in at risk populations, more than half of HCC cases are diagnosed late, and curative therapies such as surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation or TACE are possible in less than 30% of patients. It has a lot of risk factors and cofactors. In Egypt the major risk factor for the development of HCC is cirrhosis of the liver which occurs due to many causes. The major known risk factors for HCC can be divided into four categories: viral (chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C), toxic (alcohol and aflatoxins), metabolic (diabetes, NAFLD, and hereditary hemochromatosis), and immune-related (primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis.