Diagnostic Histological, Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Normal Spleen of Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Abstract

Water buffaloes are one of the most important domestic ruminants that can produce and reproduce under the harsh environmental conditions compared to dairy cattle (Marai and Habeeb, 2010). Therefore, they are considered the most important farm animal resource in developing countries of tropical and subtropical regions that contribute greatly to the local economy of rural areas (Marai and Habeeb, 2010 and Mishra et al., 2015). Disease resistance, adabtation to various climatic conditions, greater digestibility of poor-quality pasture, faster growth, and body weight gain in buffaloes show their versatility and ability to positively contribute towards sustainable livestock production (Naveena and Kirant, 2014). As a source of milk, meat, dung, horns, and traction power, water buffalo was estimated to provide a livelihood to a large number of people when compared with any other livestock species (FAO, 2018).