Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Spondias mangifera (L.), Family Anacardiaceae

Abstract

Family Anacardiaceae which comprises 81 genera and 800 species is located mostly in the tropics and subtropics worldwide but also extends into the temperate zone. Members of this family are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many ailments. Genus Spondias comprises 18 species among which Spondias mangifera was selected to be our plant of choice since few reports could be traced in the literature concerning the chemical composition of this plant. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic activity of Spondias mangifera methanol leaves extract and its fractions. The biologically active fraction was subjected to in vivo testing of its biological activity followed by an in-depth phytochemical investigation to isolate the phytochemical compounds responsible for the biological activity. This study was divided into three main chapters: Chapter 1: Biological investigation of the methanol soluble extract of Spondias mangifera leaves, its subfractions along with the essential oils of three organs of Spondias mangifera, (family Anacardiaceae) Chapter 2: Phytochemical study of the methanol soluble extract of Spondias mangifera leaves, (family Anacardiaceae) Chapter 3: Essential oils of leaf, flower and fruit pericarp of Spondias mangifera Chapter 1: Biological investigation of the methanol soluble extract of Spondias mangifera leaves, its subfractions along with the essential oils of three organs of Spondias mangifera, (family Anacardiaceae) a- In vitro cytotoxic activity Spondias mangifera methanol leaves extract and its five main fractions were tested on HepG2 cell line. Results revealed that the methanol extract and the five main fractions have no significant cytotoxic activity on HepG2 cell line, the DCM fraction possessed the highest activity at the tested concentrations compared to the other fractions and total extract. The observed IC50 of the total extract and the five fractions was >200 µg/ml compared to the standard Doxorubicin which has an IC50 of 2.2 µM, while compound (1) (Hydroxycitric acid lactone 1,6-dimethyl ester) showed a moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell line and MCF-7 cell line with IC50 31.5 µM and 19.27 µM respectively.