Assessment of cognitive and psychosocial Abnormalities in Children with idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Abstract

 We conducted a prospective, repeated-measure cross over study in which (60) children from the pediatric nephrology clinic, Ain Shams University were studied. Our studied patients were divided into 3 main groups. Group 1 included 20 children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) with infrequent relapses, group 2 included 20 patients with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome(SDNS), patients with frequent relapses and patients with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and group 3 included 20 SDNS patients frequent relapses and SRNS patients who were recieving immunosuppressives eg. (cyclosporin A, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus) other than steroids plus or minus low dose alternate day steroid treatment  Inclusion Criteria: Patients between 5 years and 10 years.We choose this age group to be cooperative during the research.  Exclusion Criteria: patients with renal impairment (high serum creatinine level), patients with secondary nephrotic syndrome, diabetic patients, patients on chemotherapy or any drugs affecting behavior, and associated psychiatric or neurological disease. There have been studies documenting the behavioral difficulties in children suffering from nephrotic syndrome but these need to be replicated in clinic as well as community based populations (Fosco and Feinberg, 2015).