Using Irradiated Microbial Biomat For Bioremediation of Fish Aquaculture Water

Abstract

Antibiosis is one of the widespread strategies used by Trichoderma spp. against fungal pathogens. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma viride to reduce fish fungal diseases caused by Aspergillus niger. T. viride has been demonstrated to have inhibitory effect on A. niger. It was used to produce an active antifungal compound under shaking conditions at pH 7, temperature 30oC for 3 days in Trichoderma liquid enzyme production (TLE) media. Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Liquid Mass Chromatography (LC/ESI/MS) are performed. The results show that the extract is a non-enzymatic protein that closely resembles peptaibol in structure. Incubating the extracted peptaibol with A. niger showed stress response and intrinsic apoptotic hallmarks such as induced catalase production, increase in total protein content, lipid peroxidation, increase in caspase 3 level and loss of the mitochondrial vitality. The extract was incubated with fish cell line and the results of comet assay showed that 20 µl of the extract was effective in inducing apoptosis in A. niger and at the same time no changes were induced in the fish. This proves that the obtained extract is safe to use in aquacultures.