Relation Between Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

ultiple sclerosis is an immune mediated inflammatory disease that attacks myelinated axons in the CNS, destroying the myelin and the axon in variable degrees. MS can affect the sensory, motor, cognitive, and even autonomic functions of the CNS, leading to a wide range of possible presentations. The etiology and pathogenesis of MS is complex and multifactorial, involving many interlacing mechanisms: genetic factors, environmental agents, and autoimmune responses. The environmental factors may include smoking, vitamin D deficiency, lack of sunlight exposure, and infectious agents. Many theories had considered viral infections as a possible cause of MS. Epstein-Barr virus, a herpes virus belonging to the family herpesviridae, is well known for its ability to induce lifelong latent infection. Many diseases are associated with EBV infection, for example, IM and many types of malignancies, and it is thought to be related to some diseases of autoimmune origin. Viruses belonging to the herpes family have been indicated as a potential risk for MS, and studies proved that EBV is the leading and most common virus associated with MS. Several epidemiological studies and laboratory based researches provide evidence to support the relationship between EBV and MS.