ADVANCES OF LAPAROSCOPY IN OPERATIVE UROLOGY

Abstract

The 1st reported use of laparoscopy was in 1911 when a cystoscope was used to examine the patient with ascites. Since that I st effort advances in light sources, lense system, operating instruments & technique have made operative laparoscopy as minllnally invasive endosurgery a reality (Gomella eta!, 1993). lntitial urologic applications explored the diagnostic capabilities of a laparoscopic approach in selected patients (e.g non palpable testicles, intersex condition) (Cortesi eta!, 1976). - Laparoscopy has been used as an approach to treat a symptomatic varicocele. (Mischinger et ai, 1994). The first upper urinary tract application oflaparoscopy was by Clayman & associates in 1991 who performed a laparoscopic nephrectomy in I 990 for benign diseases. - In 1993 Gour et a!reported successfullaparoscopic removal of kidneys benign diseases via the retroperitoneal approach. (Shinary eta!, 1996). Stephen et a! reported the use of dexterity pneuma sleeve set as an adjunct in technically complex Iaparoscopic nephrectomy as a part of multicenter clinical treatment. (Stephan eta!, 1997). - The use oflaparoscopic nephrectomy have been extended to treat patients with malignant disease of the upper urinary tract. (Gill et a!, 1995). Laparoscopy offers a straightforward & a delicate means to remove the adrenal gland. (Takeda eta!, 1994). Symptomatic simple renal cysts have been ablated by both the transperitoneal & the retroperitoneal roots. (Munch eta!, 1994). - Laparoscopy has evolved a combind technique for surgical laparoscopic treatment for stress urinary incontenance that•allows.