Modulation of Autophagy Signal Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model Using Phytochemical Extracts

Abstract

Type 2 DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. It is an extremely heterogeneous disease in which the insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction resulted from environmental and genetic factor. Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes worldwide and account for 90% of cases globally. It represents a major public health threat and considered as a principal cause of morbidity and mortality affecting almost 6% of the world’s population. Patients with type 2 diabetes usually have insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency and are often associated with a strong genetic predisposition. It’s one of the fast growing healthcare problems in Egypt. According to international diabetes federation, Egypt is the ninth leading country in the world for the number of patients with type 2 DM. The prevalence of T2DM in Egypt was tripled over the last two decades with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and health care resources. Autophagy is a vital cellular process which maintains the cells in healthy balanced state. Dysregulation of autophagy is involved in many diseases including cancers and metabolic diseases as diabetes mellitus and obesity.