Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Gene Polymorphisms as Predictive Markers for Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most common cause of cancer, and ranks fourth among the causes of cancer-related death. Major risk factors for HCC include chronic alcohol consumption, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Tumor progression is a complex disease process involving various factors, changes of various genes, and the development of multiple stages. Programmed dealth-1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor that is up regulated on activated T cells to promote tolerance to self-antigens and limit immune-based pathological damage, Engagement of PD-1 with its ligand-1 (PD-L1) antagonizes the co-stimulatory signals and leads to the blockade of T cell activation. A common type of genetic variation in the genome was single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). PD-L1 have multiple SNPs To evaluate the relevance of PD-L1 SNPs in terms of the risk of HCC, (rs4143815 and rs2297136) SNPs were selected for examination in this case-control study for providing a genetic marker to predict cancer risk and development. This study was conducted in co-operation between Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Ain-Shams University and the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute “between” March 2020 to July 2020. It included total participants of 138 Divided into three groups: