Karst Limestone Geohazards in Egypt and Saudi Arabia
Samir Abdeltawab Elsayed;
Abstract
Three areas in Egypt and Saudi Arabia were selected as pilot sites for studying karst foundation problems.
Globally, the dissolution of carbonate rocks results in extensive karst landforms that can pose significant challenges to civil
engineering projects. Most karst caves and sinkholes are structurally controlled by major faults and joints. Detection of
karst limestone foundation bedrock (caves, sinkholes and open fractures) in the three studied sites has been conducted
using geological and geophysical studies. The geological studies are based on review of published geologic maps for the
three sites. The geophysical studies included a 2D electrical resistivity survey and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Karst
limestone foundation bedrock treatments have been performed in several projects worldwide and include engineering fill,
engineering fill with geosynthetics, concrete filling and cement grout low pressure injection. Upper Egypt’s El Minia-
Maghagha caves, underlying newly constructed settlement areas have been treated using high-slump concrete filling.
Engineers treated foundations in northwestern Riyadh City and in eastern Al Hofuf City, Saudi Arabia, using engineering
fill, high slump concrete filling and low pressure cement grout injection. This article summarizes the classification of
encountered karst foundation bedrock according to Ford and Williams (1989) engineering classification, introduces the
optimum methods for detecting karst features and presents engineering treatments of karst limestone landforms.
Globally, the dissolution of carbonate rocks results in extensive karst landforms that can pose significant challenges to civil
engineering projects. Most karst caves and sinkholes are structurally controlled by major faults and joints. Detection of
karst limestone foundation bedrock (caves, sinkholes and open fractures) in the three studied sites has been conducted
using geological and geophysical studies. The geological studies are based on review of published geologic maps for the
three sites. The geophysical studies included a 2D electrical resistivity survey and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Karst
limestone foundation bedrock treatments have been performed in several projects worldwide and include engineering fill,
engineering fill with geosynthetics, concrete filling and cement grout low pressure injection. Upper Egypt’s El Minia-
Maghagha caves, underlying newly constructed settlement areas have been treated using high-slump concrete filling.
Engineers treated foundations in northwestern Riyadh City and in eastern Al Hofuf City, Saudi Arabia, using engineering
fill, high slump concrete filling and low pressure cement grout injection. This article summarizes the classification of
encountered karst foundation bedrock according to Ford and Williams (1989) engineering classification, introduces the
optimum methods for detecting karst features and presents engineering treatments of karst limestone landforms.
Other data
Title | Karst Limestone Geohazards in Egypt and Saudi Arabia | Authors | Samir Abdeltawab Elsayed | Keywords | Karst limestone;Geohazards;Detection;Treatments | Issue Date | 19-Dec-2013 | Publisher | Geoengineering Case histories, http://casehistories.geoengineer.org, Vol.2, Issue 4, p.258-2 | Journal | International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories | Volume | 2 | Issue | 4 | Start page | 258 | End page | 269 | DOI | 10.4417/IJGCH- 02-04-02 |
Attached Files
File | Description | Size | Format | Existing users please Login |
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Karst Geohazards-S.Abdeltawab.pdf | paper | 1.86 MB | Adobe PDF | Request a copy |
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