Biological control of Fusarium wilt of pea plant grown on soil amended with chitin waste by application of Rhizobacteria for chitinolytic activity and induced resistance

Azhar A. Hussain; Yassin, Sahar; aboghalia, hoda;

Abstract


Abstract
Isolation of microorganisms from the rhizosphere f healthy pea plants
was carried out to select the most antagonistic ones to be used in biological
control of Fusarium wilt of pea (Pisum sativum L.) caused by Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp.pisi, Bacillus circulans M 21 and Streptomyces rameus B 10
were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. In vitro, the two selected
organisms exhibited antagonistic effect against the pathogen, and
Streptomyces rameus B 10 showed the best extracellular chitinolytic activity
and gave significant reduction in pathogen mycelial growth. SEM
examination revealed complete inhibition of conidia germination of F.
oxysporum by B. circulans, while S. rameus caused breakage and
disintegration of conidia with marked collapse, Ioss of turgor and reduction
of hyphae. In vivo, preliminary tests were carried out to evaluate the efficacy
of the inoculum size and period of soil infestation by the two selected
bioagents when added singly or in combination of biocontrol of the disease.
Mixture of the two antagonistic strains at 1:1 (v/v) ratio when added to the
soil at planting time gave significantly (P<0.05) control of the disease.
Application of combination of the two selected organisms as well as
amendment of soil with chitin waste statistically enhanced pea plant growth
(root and shoot height, a number of leaves and fresh and dry weights of root
and shoot systems). AIso, chitin amendment of the soil increased the
microbial population in the rhizosphere resulting in suppression of plant
invasion by the pathogen. Bacillus circulans strain showed low effect on
fungal growth but suppressed.Fusarium wilt of pea, Estimation of the
phenolic compounds in treated and nontreated plants showed accumulation
of these compounds in plants treated by B. cireulans strain as compared with
nontreated plants, suggesting a role in increasing disease resistance of the
plant against pathogen infection. Gel electrophoretic patterns of soluble
proteins of pea plants, revealed induction of novel proteins with different
molecular weights not only in the infected plants,.but also after treatments
with the antagonists.These new structural proteins might play an integral role
in increasing plant protection against pathogenicity.


Other data

Title Biological control of Fusarium wilt of pea plant grown on soil amended with chitin waste by application of Rhizobacteria for chitinolytic activity and induced resistance
Authors Azhar A. Hussain ; Yassin, Sahar ; aboghalia, hoda 
Keywords Pea wilt, biological control, Bacillus circulans, Streptomyces rameus, Fusarium oxysporum, chitinase, induced resistance, phenolic compounds and pathogenesis proteins
Issue Date Dec-2003
Journal The African Journal of Mycology and Biotechnology 

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