Pulmonary manifestations in young Gaucher disease patients: Phenotype-genotype correlation and radiological findings

Abstract

Background: Although pulmonary involvement is important orbidity in Gaucher disease (GD), it is previously reported to be rare. Moreover, no epidemiological studies described its prevalence specifically in children. The clinical spectrum and risk determinants for this complication and its long-term response to therapy are unknown. Aim: To assess the prevalence of clinical and radiological pulmonary involvement in pediatric GD patients and its relation to Gaucher severity and genotype. Methods: Forty-eight GD patients were studied focusing on pulmonary and neurological manifestations with assessment of severity scoring index (SSI; a Gaucher specific scale). Detailed enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) history was taken regarding dose, duration, and effect on pulmonary manifestations. Genotype was performed to 30 patients. Radiological investigations included plain chest-radiography (CXR), high-resolution CT (HRCT), and hepatic and splenic volumes. Results: Fifteen patients had type 1 (31.2%) and 33 patients had type 3 GD (68.8%). The most common mutation was L483P detected in 25 patients (83.3%). Sixteen patients had recurrent chest wheeze (33%). CXR showed pulmonary findings in 17 patients (35.4%) while HRCT-chest showed affection in 31 patients (64.6%). The ground-glass pattern was present in 14 patients (29.1%), reticulonodular infiltration in 9 patients (18.8%), air trapping in 6 patients (12.5%), and bronchiectatic changes in two patients (4.2%). Univariate logistic regression analysis for predictors of abnormal HRCT-chest was negatively correlated with platelets (P =.01) and hemoglobin (P =.018) and positively correlated with recurrent chest wheezing (P =.019), abnormal CXR (P =.007), and SSI (P =.009). Conclusion: Pulmonary involvement is a prevalent morbidity of GD with variable presentations. CXR for early detection of pulmonary involvement in GD is safe and highly predictive.