EFFECT OF BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS VS ALENDRONATE SODIUM IN TREATMENT OF INDUCED ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY OSTEOPOROSIS IN ALVEOLAR BONE OF ALBINO RATS

Abstract

Background: Despite extensive efforts for the understanding and curative options for osteoporosis, it remains a critical public health threat. Alendronate sodium, an amino bisphosphonate, is a potent antiresorptive drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. On the other hand, BMMSCS are considered one of the recent therapeutic modalities that promote bone regeneration by increasing the number and activity of osteoblasts. Hence, based on the role of alveolar bone in dentistry, it is important to study the effect of estrogen deficiency and its therapies on tooth-supporting alveolar bone. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of an estrogen deficient state in rats, and its treatments namely BMMSCs and Alendronate sodium, on the structure of tooth-supporting alveolar bone. Methodology: Forty-eight female albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups: Gp 1 received only distilled water during the whole experimental duration. Gps 2, 3 and 4 underwent bilateral ovariectomy where Gp 2 received no treatment, group 3 was treated by Alendronate sodium and finally group 4 received BMMSCs injection. After 4 weeks samples from all groups were collected and evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin as well as Masson trichrome. Number of osteocytes and thickness of bone trabeculae were statistically analyzed. Results: The histological examination revealed obvious enhancement of the alveolar bone condition by both modalities of treatment however statistically insignificant outcomes were observed regarding mesenchymal stem cell treated group. Conclusion: BMMSCs injection does not significantly overcome the effect of the most widely used Alendronate Sodium in treatment of alveolar bone osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.