Nanoparticles' properties modify cell type-dependent distribution in immune cells

Abstract

Polymeric nanoparticles can passively target inflamed tissues. How their physicochemical properties affect their distribution pattern among the infiltrating immune cells is unknown. Polyvinyl acetate nanoparticles with different particle size (100 and 300 nm) and surface charge (cationic, non-ionic, and anionic) were prepared and incubated with either LPS-activated or unactivated murine splenocytes. Nanoparticle association with macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B and T cells was investigated using flow cytometry. Cells associated with nanoparticles as follows: cationic>anionic>non-ionic and 300 nm > 100 nm. 40% of ionic nanoparticles were distributed among unactivated macrophages, reduced to 25% for activated macrophages. 60% of 100 nm and 40% of 300 nm non-ionic nanoparticles were distributed among unactivated and LPS-activated macrophages. This study highlights that particles' physicochemical properties impact the number of nanoparticles associating with immune cells more than their distribution pattern, which is principally determined by the cell activation state. This suggests a disease-dependent distribution pattern for therapeutic nanoparticles.