Training model for salvage procedures in endoscopic stapes surgery

Abstract

The learning curve in endoscopic stapes surgery, is flat and long. There is limited space during training for advanced and salvage procedures, which could be necessary in unexpected intraoperative scenarios. The aim of the present study is to develop an ex-vivo animal model for training in salvage and advanced procedures in endoscopic stapes surgery METHODS: After defining the difficult intraoperative scenarios requiring a salvage procedure during stapes surgery, we used the ovine model to create those intraoperative situations. After assessing the suitability of the model for that purpose, it was validated by subjective feedback rating (scale from 1 to 10) and by comparing the relevant anatomical structures for stapes surgery with the human. Finally, an optimal sequence of surgical steps was defined.