Sustainable Wastewater Purification and Microbial Decontamination for Aquaculture and Agriculture Using Eggshell Waste

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of eggshell powder (ESP) adsorption to lessen the microbiological and heavy metal pollution brought on by wastewater, which is relevant for water reuseThe analysis of physicochemical parameters was conducted, and the results were recorded within the standard limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). For instance, the pH levels of RW1 (r aw wastewater) and PW2 were recorded at 8.70 and 8.25, respectively. In contrast, the pH levels of WESP1 and WESP2 (wastewater treated with ESP) were 7.7. Additionally, the conductivity of WESP1 and WESP2 was measured at 340 and 320 μS/cm, respectively. The total dissolved solids (TDS) values of WESP1 and WESP2 ranged from 217 to 204mg/L. Soluble anions HCO3-, Cl--, and SO4 recorded 41.48, 79.52, and 7.92mg/L, respectively. Cations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ were recorded at 9.50, 6.72, 44.85, and 8.58mg/L, respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms decreased at WESP1 and WESP2 more than at RW1 and RW2. The morphology of ESP was characterized using the spectroscopic method before and after using it as an adsorbent, including SEM (scanning electron microscopy) with SEM-EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray). Both the raw wastewater streams (RW1 & RW2) and the ESP-treated wastewater streams (WESP1 & WESP2) contained the following metals in the ESP-metal complex: oxygen percentages were 73.40, 40.91, and 29.27%; carbon percentages were 64.82, 62.60, and 41.31%; calcium percentages were 14.48, 4.57, and 0.00%; magnesium percentages were 0.56, 0.25, and 0.00%; aluminum percentages were 0.47, 0.28, and 0.00%; silicon percentages were 0.23, 0.10, and 0.00%; phosphorus percentages were 0.23, 0.22, and 0.00%; sulfur percentages were 2. 0, 0.09, and 0.00%, respectively, in ESP (control), raw wastewater, and ESP-treated wastewater samples.