The Diagnostic and prognostic value of Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels versus α-Fetoprotein level in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Egyptian patients

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a globally prevalent deadly disease. The tumor occurs primarily on the background of chronic hepatitis viral infection and cirrhosis. Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a universal problem and its epidemiological data showed variation from place to place. Egypt ranks the third and 15th most populous country in Africa and worldwide, respectively. In Egypt, the health authorities consider HCC as the most challenging health problem. The number of HCC patients increased twofold over a decade The new advances in medicine lead to Increasing the survival rate of cirrhotic patients that increases the chance of developing HCC. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for HCC diagnosis Based on elevated serum AFP levels as well as typical imaging features, HCC can be easily diagnosed. High levels of plasma D-dimer is associated with poor prognosis in several solid malignancies