EFFECT OF PHAGES ON SOME PHOSPHATE SOLUBLE BACTERIA IN THE SOIL

Abstract

Phosphorous is added to the soil in the form of phosphate fertilizers. Phosphorous plays an important role in all major metabolic processes in plants including photosynthesis, energy transfer, biosynthesis of molecules and respiration. Phosphorous is also a vital component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the unit of energy in plants where it is formed ATP during photosynthesis. Phosphorous deficiency leads to a reduction in crop production in many types of agricultural soils around the world, in order to compensate for this natural poverty in phosphate, so expensive chemical phosphate fertilizers are used in agriculture to improve crop productivity and the chemical fertilizer industry is a highly polluting industry. Moreover, soluble phosphorous is often rapidly washed away, resulting in higher eutrophication in fresh water and contamination of groundwater used for drinking. This has led to the search for alternative environmentally friendly and economically viable strategies to improve crop production in phosphorous-deficient soils. Phosphate-dissolving microorganisms play an important role in facilitating phosphorous to plants, allowing for the sustainable use of phosphate fertilizers. Microorganisms are involved in a range of processes that affect soil phosphorous transformation and are therefore an integral part of the soil phosphorous cycle. Many phosphorous-facilitating microbes play a role in phosphorous facilitation by several mechanisms such as lowering soil pH through acid production, chelation of ions, and exchange reactions in the growth environment. Bacillus velezensis is one of the most important bacterial genera due to its wide spread in soil, and it is a Gram-positive bacillus. It is considered a type of B. subtilis, and originally it was called Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. It plays an important role in promoting plant growth by secreting many substances such as indoleacetic acid and ammonia, and it also plays an important role in adding phosphorous to plants. Many strains of these bacteria are root bound and can also promote plant growth and produce antifungal and biological control agents.