Biological Activity of Lectin Produced by Agaricus bisporus as an Anticancer Agent

Abstract

Lectin was extracted from dried fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus and purified through Q-Sepharose column which was considered strong anion for adsorption of lectin with high performance. The purified lectin has a great hemagglutinating activity(HA) that was considered a specific feature for lectin and inhibited by GlcNAc which was specific binding sugar receptor of ABL as well as Thomsen Friedenreich (TF) antigen which was considered the 2nd binding receptor site . In this study, we reported that, lectin agglutinated all blood groups without specificity, was active below 70, 80°C and it had no activity at that temperature degrees. The best pH media for HA within range (6 to 9 ) for 24hr, the purified lectin had molecular weight 16KDa that was determined by SDS PAGE ELECTROPHORESIS. Gene expressions by RT-PCR of ABL showed that A.bisporus lectin upregulated Bax(apoptotic gene) & downregulated Bcl2(anti apoptotic gene); ABL had apoptotic activity on tested cell lines. The cell toxicity assay showed that ABL has high toxicity on malignant cells with very low toxicity on WI-38 (normal cells). ABL had antiproliferative & toxic effects on cell lines with different IC50; 41.87, 41.90 and 36.26 ug/ml for MCF-7, HepG2, CaCo2 respectively while had very weak toxicity on WI-38(normal cells ) with IC50 ( 98.54 ug/ml). Conclusion: ABL has a toxic effect on different types of malignant cells ( HepG2, CaCo2 and MCF-7) as antiproliferative & an apoptotic activity, while it has very low toxicity on WI-38 (normal cells). ABL can be utilized in human eating regimen and recommended for malignancy with a safety margin in clinical pathological research with different concentrations starting from 200g fruiting bodies mushroom & 98.44 ug/ml lectin concentration. ABL can be used as targeting drugs & directed medications as their selectivity of its action. We can recommend that ABL can be used to stop bleeding due to the hemagglutinating activity.