Assessment of the Mandibular Foramen Location in a Sample of Egyptian Population Using CBCT "A Retrospective Study"

Abstract

The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) is the most common & frequent technique used for local anesthesia of mandibular posterior teeth to perform any dental surgical procedure or dental restoration in the mandible.6,72 The clinical studies reported high failure rate in (IANB) some studies report as high as 10-39%,other studies reported 30-80% failure rate for IANB in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.45,72 Failure of (IANB) have several causes such as improper anesthetic techniques, anatomical variation of inferior alveolar nerve, or anatomical variation of Mandibular Foramen which is the most common cause of failure as practitioners have to inject nerve before entering MF, So, MF is critical landmark for success of IANB.6,15 These failures lead to complications that patients suffer from; including hematoma due to damage of blood vessels in area of anesthesia, trismus due to tearing of mucosa during insertion or withdrawal of needle, and also facial paralysis when needle inserted more posterior toward the posterior border of the mandible which lead to deposition of anesthetic solution in parotid gland, Other reported complications include ptosis and extraocular muscles paralysis, aphonia, necrosis of the skin of the chin, diplopia, and abducent nerve palsy.