Lipocalin-2 Level in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract

SUMMARY P COS appears to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic aberrations, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease throughout womens’ lifespan. Insulin resistance (IR) is a clinical condition characterized by a decrease in sensitivity and responsiveness to the metabolic actions of insulin, so that a given concentration of insulin produces a less than expected biological effect. As a result, higher levels of insulin are needed to maintain normal glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance is implicated in several pathologic conditions, such as T2DM, obesity and dyslipidemia and it is also a prominent component of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. In addition, Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are key findings in patients with PCOS, whether or not they are obese and about 70% of patients with PCOS are insulin-resistant. Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is characterized by abnormal cytokine production and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in adipose tissues, which contributes to insulin resistance and its related diseases such as PCOS and metabolic syndrome.