USING OF BREEDING APPROACHES IN IMPROVING FRUIT QUALITY IN ANNA APPLE CULTIVAR

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017 in private sector farm at El–Sadate, Nubaria Governorate, Egypt at the first experiment on four apple cultivars Malus domestica (anna as famel and Ein Shemer, Dorset Golden, E25 as male). The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of self and cross-compatibility or incompatibility between these cultivars and anna cultivar via following pollen germination on stigma and pollen tube growth throughout style by fluorescence microscopy, fertilization, embryo sac development, fruit set and fruiting percentages. fruit properties were studied on anna fruit. The results confirmed that anna cultivar is self-incompatible and cross incompatible of anna with Dorset Golden and Ein Shemer cultivars while, it is partial-compatible with E25cultivar although, these cultivars exhibited high pollen viability. The highest significant initial fruit set, fruiting percentage for Dorset Golden. The second experiment studies the effect of chemical mutagenes (ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), malic hydrazine (MH) and colchicines) with concentration at (0.05, 0.1and 0.2%) on survival percentage after grafting, vegetative growth, fruit quality and total yield of tree. The chemical mutagenes given the best results in vegetative growth, fruit quality and total yield of tree compared with control. However control gave highest value on survival percentage after grafting. And also studies relationship and correlation coefficient based on phenotypic dendogram found that colchicine 0.05% and colchicine 0.1%, this reflect a similar effect of colchicine at the two concentration on tested phenotype characteristics