Wearable Antennas for Medical Applications
Mohamed Sayed Zaky El Atrash;
Abstract
Antennas should possess certain features and properties to be characterized as wearable, where they are placed all over the body; for instance, wrist, chest, back, thigh, and abdomen, etc. depending on the application targeted. Such characteristics include flexibility, compact size, high gain, low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and uni-directional radiation pattern.
With that said, presented in this thesis are three design approaches for wearable antennas, which are designed, fabricated, evaluated and measured in free space and within the vicinity of the human body. The objectives of the different wearable design approaches are to introduce different single/dual-frequency bands with small wearable antennas profile in addition to preserve a high antenna gain and efficiency, as well as, low SAR. Through the fabrication process, all reported antennas have been fabricated using (1) Rogers Ultralam 3850 substrate, which is based on the flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) and (2) textile substrate to demonstrate the flexibility features needed for the wearable biomedical antennas.
The first antenna approach is an asymmetric meander line-based antenna operating at 2.4 GHz. Such methodology led to a size reduction of 67.7% in comparison to a printed straight monopole antenna at 2.4 GHz. By extending the Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) ground planes around the Asymmetric Meander-Line Antenna (AMLA), forming a U-shaped extended ground, and coupling it to the AMLA, gain enhancements were achieved at the desired resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz. The antenna was evaluated at different separations from the human wrist, where performance parameters; such as, realized gain, total efficiency, and SAR were analyzed; thus, leading to the optimum performance. Despite the absence of a backing isolating structure, to de-couple the antenna from the human wrist, the AMLA, spaced by 10 mm from the human wrist, exhibited a SAR level of 1.58 W/kg. Hence, it complies with the American and European standards.
With that said, presented in this thesis are three design approaches for wearable antennas, which are designed, fabricated, evaluated and measured in free space and within the vicinity of the human body. The objectives of the different wearable design approaches are to introduce different single/dual-frequency bands with small wearable antennas profile in addition to preserve a high antenna gain and efficiency, as well as, low SAR. Through the fabrication process, all reported antennas have been fabricated using (1) Rogers Ultralam 3850 substrate, which is based on the flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) and (2) textile substrate to demonstrate the flexibility features needed for the wearable biomedical antennas.
The first antenna approach is an asymmetric meander line-based antenna operating at 2.4 GHz. Such methodology led to a size reduction of 67.7% in comparison to a printed straight monopole antenna at 2.4 GHz. By extending the Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) ground planes around the Asymmetric Meander-Line Antenna (AMLA), forming a U-shaped extended ground, and coupling it to the AMLA, gain enhancements were achieved at the desired resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz. The antenna was evaluated at different separations from the human wrist, where performance parameters; such as, realized gain, total efficiency, and SAR were analyzed; thus, leading to the optimum performance. Despite the absence of a backing isolating structure, to de-couple the antenna from the human wrist, the AMLA, spaced by 10 mm from the human wrist, exhibited a SAR level of 1.58 W/kg. Hence, it complies with the American and European standards.
Other data
| Title | Wearable Antennas for Medical Applications | Other Titles | هوائيات يمكن ارتداؤها للتطبيقات الطبية | Authors | Mohamed Sayed Zaky El Atrash | Issue Date | 2020 |
Attached Files
| File | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BB2698.pdf | 540.46 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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