BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON Moringa oleifera AND Azadirachta indica EXTRACTS, AND THEIR GREEN-CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED NANOPARTICLES

Abstract

Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica (Neem) were found to have various biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. They also had many active phytochemical constituents, which enabled them to be used in the preparation of green-chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the polyphenolic burden in each different successive extract from Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica (Neem), identify the phenolic profile in the leaves crude aqueous extracts of them, synthesize silver nanoparticles using leaves crude aqueous extracts from both plants, characterize these nanoparticles by different analytical devices, evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different successive extracts, crude aqueous extracts and Ag-NPs synthesized from Moringa and Neem, determine the cytotoxicity of Ag-NPs and the crude aqueous extracts on macrophage cell line; RAW 264.7 and anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized Ag-NPs and the leaves crude aqueous extracts. The results revealed the following findings: 1. From proximate chemical composition, it is clear that moisture contents of Moringa and Neem were 7.94±0.10% and 8.58±0.07% respectively, total hydrolysable carbohydrates were14.05±2.68% and 28.87±0.96% respectively, total crude protein was 28.59±0.11% and 13.24±0.09% respectively, lipid content was 13.55±1.10% and 7.14±0.75% respectively and ash was 11.65±0.54% and 9.84±0.05% respectively. The mineral content of dried Moringa and Neem leaves observed that they were rich in Ca, K, Mg and Na.