"REDUCTION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM SURFACE WATER USING MODIFIED NATURAL MATERIALS"

Abstract

In this Thesis, some different organic wastes have been separated and equipped and used as adsorbent materials to remove organic materials and heavy metals from surface water and wastewater.The thesis has been divided into five main chapters: - 1. Introduction This chapter represents introduction about water resources , water contamination forms and the information about the all sources of drinking water in Egypt. 2. Review of Literature This chapter discusses the most organic and inorganic pollutants of Water around the world and available technologies which had been used to control water pollution. Some of them are coagulation, foam, flotation, filtration, ion exchange, aerobic and anaerobic treatment, advanced oxidation processes, solvent extraction, activated sludge, microbial reduction, electrolysis and adsorption. The adsorption is a process for reducing water pollution by using modified natural materials. Many agricultural and industrial wastes adsorbents materials were tested to reduce the organic matter and heavy metals from the Surface water and waste water. 3. Materials and Methods This includes recorded experimental work, reagents, materials, solutions, instruments, chemicals and the analytical methods which used in this work. Preparation of the adsorbents from rice straw (RS) and De-Aluminated kaolin (DAK) with some modifications by using 1M H2O2 and 1M NaOH were discussed. 4. Results and Discussion This chapter shows the results that reached throughout the research steps; it can be summarized in two main steps as follows:  Survey analysis for TOC and heavy metals for the five WTPs in Greater Cairo.  Studies on the optimum conditions for adsorption and the optimum adsorbent Characterization that showed the highest adsorbent activity. 4.1 Survey analysis for TOC and heavy metals for the WTPs in Greater Cairo. Survey study was done to record the value of TOC and heavy metals for five different WTPs in greater Cairo (El-Tebben, El-Fustat, Shoubra El-Khaimah, Embaba, and Gezeret El-Dahab). The results show that all the intakes of raw water found to be complying with law 48/1982 but with a maximum value for TOC, heavy metals( Iron 0.6 mg/l and Manganese 0.2 mg/l) , and THMs 95.5 µg/l in Shoubra El-KhaimahWTP intake. That attributed to the polluting activities surrounding Shoubra El-Khaimah WTP intake.