Application of Web Causation Epidemiological Model to Prevent Genitourinary Tract Infection among Female with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes multiuse is a global problem with harmful human effects. Globally, DM is the fifth leading cause of death. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising worldwide at an alarming rate. According to the WHO (2012), at least 171 million people worldwide had diabetes in 2000, which represents 2.8% of the population, and it is estimated that this number will be doubled by the year 2030. International Diabetes Federation, (2013) reported that, Egypt ranking to be the 9th in the number of people with diabetes (20-79 years), with 7.5 Million in 2013 (Vs. 4.78 Million in 2010) and to be at the 6th position with 13.1 Million in 2035. Diabetes is a major emerging clinical and public health problem in Egypt. Diabetic females are at higher risk for developing vaginal infections than females without diabetes, and, in addition, if the Diabetic females is not well controlled and blood sugars are consistently high, that creates an environment of high sugar in the mucus membranes, and of course, that includes the vagina, and this creates a good environment for the overgrowth of both bacteria and yeast. The increased risk of getting a UTI in DM can be explained by the following mechanisms. Diabetic neuropathy leads to a dysfunctional bladder, thus creating the chance for UTI development. Autonomic neuropathy involving the genitourinary tract causes dysfunctional voiding and urinary retention, which leads to decreased bacterial clearance by micturition, thus facilitating bacterial growth. Bladder dysfunction may be found in 26%– 85% of diabetic women.