Advanced studies on the integrated control of the native hard tick strain in Egypt

Abstract

Ticks are an important ectoparasite of domestic and wild animals. Ticks can cause harm to animals through blood loss, depression of immune function, general stress and irritation, and depreciation of the skin and hide value up to 20- 30%. Ticks also act as vectors of a variety of infectious diseases harmful to humans and animals, including babesiosis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, and rickettsioses. Control of ticks mostly based on chemical acaricides which resulted in several problems like resistance development and environmental pollution. Due to resistance problems, alternative options are being incorporated in strategic and integrated control programs of the parasite. Products derived from plants have been extensively used as an alternative way to control parasites, aiming to decrease the resistance development and obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. Nanotechnology is considered a novel approach for the treatment of animal parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of two medicinal plants and synthesized nanomaterials against different developmental stages of the camel tick H. dromedarii. An immersion test was used to evaluate the acaricidal activity of M. azedarach and A. herba-alba extracts against different developmental stages of H. dromedarii. The petroleum ether extract of M. azedarach and A. herba-alba were subjected to Gas chromatography. A total of 20 and 10 compounds were distinguished in M. azedarach and A. herba-alba, respectively. The major compounds present in M. azedarach extract belonged to the oil group, and several compounds belonged to the groups of organ-halogen, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The compounds present in A. herba-alba belonged to the phytochemical groups, terpenoids, oil, phenolic, monoterpenoids, limonoids.