Nail folds capillaries abnormalities association with type 2 diabetes progression and correlation with diabetic retinopathy

Abstract

Since the complications of diabetes mellitus are very serious including microvascular complications: retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy and macrovascular complications such as: cardiovascular diseases may lead to infarction or cerebrovascular disease as stroke so studying this complication is very important since these complications can affect the patient’s quality of life and can lead to disabilities such as retinopathy. Retinopathy is regarded one of the most important complications of diabetes that occurs after long duration of the disease with untight glycemic control, and it is regarded one of the preventable causes of blindness so proper evaluation of diabetic patients and their complications can prevent blindness. Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy is a new modality which is non-invasive is used to evaluate the nailfold capillaries it has a specific pattern is known to scleroderma and nowadays it is widely used in diseases other than rheumatological diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Assessment of the capillaries in the nailfold of diabetic patients and trying to relate these findings to the microvascular complications is the aim of our work. Our study was conducted on 62 diabetic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (16 male, 46 female) their ages above 18 years lies between (36-66) years. All these patients were subjected to: full history taking and thorough clinical examination, body mass index measurement, nailfold capillaroscopy imaging , slit-lamp dilated fundus examination using second hand-held lens and laboratory work up including: renal functions test serum urea and serum creatinine , Lipid profile: Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Triglyceride (TG) cardiovascular risk ratio, HbA1c (%): with optimal control below 7 % , Fasting blood glucose and Albumin/Creatinine ratio.