Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Amblyopic Patients

Abstract

Amblyopia is a unilateral or bilateral decrease of visual acuity caused by deprivation of pattern vision or abnormal binocular interaction, for which no cause can be detected by physical examination of the eye and which in some cases, can be reversed by therapeutic measures. OCT is a non invasive imaging technology based on low-coherence interferometry. It generates high resolution, cross sectional images from backscattered light, enabling clinicians to assess structural changes in different retinal diseases OCTA is a non-invasive, non-dye-based imaging technique that employs motion contrast to create high-resolution depth-resolved angiographic images of vascular flow in a matter of minutes, furthermore, OCT-A is able to examine the size and the contour of the foveal avascular zone This study included 40 eyes of 40 patients, control group 10 patients(60%) males and (40%) females, amblyopic groups 30 patients (33.3%) males and (66.7%) females with age ranging from 7 to 17 years. Divided in to four groups: • Group (I): control group (10 patients) • Group (II): strabismus amblyopia (10 patients) • Group (III): anisometropic hypermetropic amblyopia (10 patients) • Group (IV): sensory deprivation amblyopia (10 patients) OCT was used to evaluate, Total macular thickness (central, 3mm, and 6mm circles around), peri papillary RNFL, GCL, Choroidal thickness (sub-foveal, 1 and 3 mm around) using horizontal line scans of EDI-OCT, and OCTA was used to evaluate superficial and deep capillary plexus in FAZ area On comparing the results between amblyopic groups and control we found no significance deference in mean total macular thickness in the central (1mm) and in the four quadrants (at 3mm and 6mm). Except for central macular thickness in sensory deprivative group there was significance deference. As regard mean GCL thickness and FAZ area in SCP and DCP, there was no statistically significant difference Also no significance difference in RNFL thickness between amblyopic groups and control group except nasal quadrant in strabismic and sensory deprivative groups there was significance difference