USE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE THE RESTORATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS (SYNDICATE OF ENGINEERS BUILDINGS AS A MODEL)

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an advanced technology based on the understanding and studying of nanoscience and other basic sciences with the ability of this technology to manufacture nanomaterials and control their internal structure by restructuring and arranging atoms and their constituent molecules, thus ensuring access to unique products to be used in applications advanced in sustainability and green buildings. Products and applications of nanotechnology in buildings provide architectural solutions to all environmental problems and improve building efficiency throughout the building life cycle. In this research program look at the maintenance of buildings to maintain sustainability using nanotechnology materials in the restoration of structural elements, including nano-calcium carbonate (NCaCo3) and nano-kaoline (NK), and show their effect on reinforced concrete elements. Heritage buildings are buildings of historical, symbolic, artistic, architectural, or social value. They should be characterized by the acceptance of society, by cultural and social phenomena, and by steadfastness and continuity. They are divided into three categories: (a) they are restored without internal or external modifications; or) b) internal modifications are allowed; or (c) the amendment shall be made available while preserving the outer structure. In this study, the building that shall be applied to is the Egyptian Engineers Syndicate. - There is the manufacture of two types of nanoparticles, nano-calcium carbonate (CaCo3) and nano-kaolin by thermal activation up to 800 C0 for 2 hrs. The use of two types of nanoparticles with different proportions in the concrete used to restore the structural elements is studied within this research. The nano-CaCo3 was added at percentages of 1, 2, and 3% as a partial replacement of cement, while NK was added at percentages of 5, 6, and 7%. In addition, a hybrid was made by 1% NCa + 5%NK and 0.5% NCa + 4.5% N., All mixes were added to old concrete that represents the concrete that needs to be restored, The experiment results show that adding these nanomaterials reduces the workability of concrete significantly. The compressive strength of concrete mixes was improved by 12% to 19% of normal concrete; in addition, the microstructure of nanomixes was improved compared to the control mixture and the optimum amount of nano-CaCo3 is 1%, NK is 5%, and hybrid is (0.5% NCa + 4.5% NK), respectively. Water permeability was also improved for nanomixes in comparison with control ones. The ideal ratio of nanomaterials for the fit of the restoration was HN2 (0.5% NCa + 4.5% NK), which increases the hardening process at early ages and achieves the best compressive strength test results and adhesion with old concrete.