Manifestations Early Detection and Management of Rhabdomyolysis in Critically Ill Patient in ICU

Abstract

habdomyolysis is the rapid breakdown of striated muscles caused by wide variety of conditions including trauma, drugs, viruses, metabolic disorders; Rhabdomyolysis is a potential fatal condition with mortality of approximately 8%. • In the ICU setting, the most common causes of rhabdomyolysis are muscular trauma and vascular obstruction. Rhabdomyolysis occurs in up to 85% of patients with traumatic injuries. Alcohol has been implicated in the development of rhabdomyolysis in up to 20% of cases. Patients with severe injuries that develop rhabdomyolysis induced renal failure have a mortality of approximately 20% but are higher if multiple organ dysfunction is present. • Causes of rhabdomyolysis are divided into hereditary and acquired ones. The hereditary causes are mainly related to a lack or insufficiency of enzymes that participate in the catabolism of different energy macromolecules, the acquired causes are classified as traumatic and non-traumatic. The traumatic ones, such as crush syndrome, accidents, natural disasters, or intense exercise, cause direct muscle injury and rupture of the sarcolemma. The non-traumatic causes are the most common ones during peacetime and include alcohol abuse, medicines e.g., statins.