Residual Microbial Contamination and Biofilm Formation in Poultry Houses

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the microbiological status of poultry houses. • A total of 27 samples were collected at (7th, 21st, and 31st) days from water lines by sponge sticky method , water source and 150 grams of dust samples were collected at different points from fan blades and the floor in different parts of each house by brush and spatula in sterile plastic bags. • Residual microorganisms were counted 24 hours after disinfection by collecting 18 surface swabs from water lines, floors, and fans for each house on 10 ml of Dey-Engley Neutralizing Broth to neutralize the effect of disinfectant. • These samples were examined for total colony counts, coliforms, pseudomonas, yeast, and fungi counts then the biofilm-forming ability of bacteria was determined by identifying, isolating, and testing microbial residues by TCP and TM technique. • There is significant difference (p<.05) between the entrance and the end of water line due to water line pressure regulator act as production site for biofilm, this was seen in the TCC, TCFC and TFC. • Significant difference was seen (P<.05) between age 21 and age 7, 31 days related to TCC and TCFC. But total fungal count (TFC) ranged between 31 and 7, 21, which was no surprise since organic matter and dandruffs increase with age. • The number of microorganisms in floor dust was significantly different (P<0.05) at age 31 when compared to 7,21 day in TCC because the amount of dust on the floor increased with age and at 7 and 21 day in TCFC, air concentration of microorganisms increased with bird growth and age, while it was low at the beginning and end of the fattening period, which may be attributed to limited bird activity. • According to the findings, dust from fans has higher fungi loads than dust from the floor. Isolating of seven species from five genera was Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger (100%), Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor sp, (87.5%), Penicillium sp (75%), Fusarium sp (37.5%), and Dematiaceous isolated only from water line and fans (25%). • TCFC values are significantly different between day 21 and day 31 (P<0.05), suggesting that this very high load in day 21 may have been accumulated and accommodated three days earlier, Cooling pads work 3 days after the water is diluted by water action after that; however, in 7, 21 days, TYC rises in at 7 day, suggesting that a chance has been given for yeast to grow away from the water current. Turbidity of water was higher at 7 days as compared to other ages then decreased with aging. • After disinfection, swaps taken from fans and floor showed a significant reduction in total bacterial count, total pseudomonas count, and total fungal counts, where the total fungal counts on the fan and floor were also zero, also, few counts were seen at the entrance of water lines than the ends mainly due to the entrance after disinfection is consider the main flow point and more concentrated in flushed acids. • The majority of identified dominant genera isolated from water pipes were Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and E.coli. • All four have biofilm-forming capabilities, but at different degrees. forty-five present of all microorganisms tested produced moderate biofilm, while 55% produced weak biofilm, with most of the moderate biofilm isolated from the water source and floor, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were among the most prominent producers of biofilm.