Phenotypic and Genotypic Variation of (Solanum tuberosum, L.) Regenerated Via Tissue Culture

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the phenotypic and genotypic variations, which might occur in potato plants derived through tissue culture technique of "Spunta and Diamant" cultivars. Different explants were used for the sake of regeneration i.e. individual eyes, leaf and stem segments and tuber discs. The regenerants were examined for their somaclonal variation using morphological, biochemical and cytological studies in order to evaluate this variation, which occurred through tissue culture techniques. The main results could be summarized as follow:• 1) Ms medium supplemented with 2.00 mg of BAP, 0.5 mg of NAA, 0.5-mg of GA3 and 2.00 mg of Ca pantothant/I was the best medium used to initiate leafy stems from eyes and used as nodal cuttings for five consecutive subcultures. 2) Ms medium supplemented with 0.2 mg of NAA 2.00 mg of BAP and 5.0 mg of GA/l was suitable to initiate callus tissues from leaf and stem segments. 3) Ms medium supplemented with 80 gm/l of sucrose (R,) was better than (R,), which had 20 gm/l of sucrose for rhizogenesis. 4) Most of attempts for regeneration from tuber discs were failed, meanwhile, Ms medium supplemented with 1.00 mg/I of Kin and 0.25 mg/I of NAA was the best medium which showed a good ability for callus growth and numbers of visible premordia after three subcultures of "Spunta and Diamant". While, Diamant cultivar was better than Spunta pertaining the mean number of primordia produced.