Relation between Circulating Vitamin k2 level and Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Women

Abstract

Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease characterized by degeneration of bone structure and decreased bone mass. The main mechanism of post-menopausal osteoporosis is mainly due to the dynamic imbalance between the bone formation and resorption, so that bone resorption is more than bone formation. Based on the current understanding of the OP, we summarized the etiology, current clinical drugs and potential targeting therapy for OP. Vitamin K2 belongs to a large group of fat-soluble compounds whose formulation is MK (menaquinone) (MK-2 to MK-14), that seem to be involved in different biological functions. In particular, vitamin K2 has been recently recognized as efficacious and safe in treatment of bone loss. Low circulating levels of vitamin K2, have been associated with decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients, and with increase in their risk of fractures in observational studies. There is also burden of evidence supporting the osteoprotective effects of vitamin K2 in bone metabolisms. Vitamins k2 promotes bone formation by stimulating the differentiation of the osteoblast, regulating the mineralization of the extracellular matrix, up regulating the expression of the bone marker genes, and inhibiting the osteoclastogenesis. Based on these anabolic properties of