Comparative study between conventional and electrical coagulation in the removal of organic matter from some wastewater

Abstract

The subject of this thesis is the isolation of Lignin from grinded Apricot kernel, which accomplished in this work using an alkali method by sodium hydroxide solution. The product was stocked for the preparation of aqueous solutions containing several concentrations of lignin to be representative samples of wastewater containing lignin. Electrochemical cell was constructed for the wall work during the electrochemical treatment of wastewater includes electric DC power source and two sheets of both aluminum and iron were used as the working electrodes (anode and cathode) of the electrochemical cell. Chapter 1 "Introduction": This includes details about water classification and characteristics of raw water. In addition, there are literature survey on water pollution and Water treatment process. It contains also the theory of electrocoagulation. Chapter 2 "Experimental": This part includes the Chemicals, Materials, Methodology and the instruments used. It has the elemental analysis. It contains also full details about the determination of the parameters used. Chapter 3 "Results and Discussion": The first part includes Characterization of lignin and industrial wastewater specifications by FTIR and Energy dispersive x-ray. There are detailed figures for all the measured data and charts of IR and EDX. The FTIR spectra of the produced isolated lignin and pure one was studied to show its characteristics. It was concluded from the Figure that all the peaks detected for the isolated lignin are similar to those of pure lignin and related to C-OH, CH, CH2, CH3 and C=O groups. Also, the grinded lignin was analyzed using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyzer system. The X-ray analysis chart shows that the isolated lignin contains each of C, Si, K and Ca elements. The elemental analysis of lignin for (C, H, N, and S) were determined by Leco Truspect (CHN) Analyzer showed that carbon was 28.35%, hydrogen was 5.19%, nitrogen 0.75% and sulfur was Nil. Then Lignin concentration of liquor was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a resolution of 1 nm and the maximum absorbance was detected at λmax = 420 nm. Also, a sample of industrial wastewater is prepared, and all specifications measured. The second part includes the effect of chemical coagulation method on the treatment of industrial wastewater. Showed that the effect of ferric chloride as conventional method of chemical coagulation on the biochemical