Ethnicity and Cultural Identity in Selected Plays by David Henry Hwang

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to show the way in which Hwang tackles the themes of ethnicity and cultural identity in his plays. The plays upon which the analysis in this study is carried out are: M. Butterfly (1988), FOB(1990), Yellow Face (2007), Golden Child (1998)and Chinglish (2012). This thesis is divided into four chapters, a conclusion and is followed by a bibliography of works cited. Chapter one: Introduction. The introductory chapter presents the subject matter by providing the most important information about ethnicity, Chinese Cultural Identity. This study adopts Sanchez's definition of ethnicity as it is based on interaction and practicality as well as Madan Sarup's definition of identity which is based on interaction between people and institutions. Then, it provides a short insight into Hwang's own life in addition to discussing his place in Asian American literature and his contributions to Asian American drama. Chapter two: "West/ East Ethnic Relations in M. Butterfly. The second chapter discusses West/East ethnic relations as reflected in M. Butterfly. The quality of this drama is not only confirmed by numerous awards but it also promotes Hwang to the most influential Asian American playwright. The play's main plot focuses on complex power relations, cultural conflicts and, racial and gender identity. Such complex relations are reflected in the relation between a French ambassador in China, Rene Gallimard and a Chinese opera singer, Song Liling. They started a love affair that lasted for twenty years. Throughout this long period, Gallimard did not suspect that Song is both a man and a spy till he was accused of informing secret information to an enemy. In M. Butterfly, Hwang argues powerfully for establishing a distinctive identity of Asian Americans. He explores cultural and political conflicts which drive the characters into direction beyond mere personal conflicts. He presents not only to his people but also to the mainstream audiences how Asian women as well as Asian culture are seen through the eyes of the West. The protagonists, Gallimard and Song fail to form a relationship based on equality because the West still considers such relationships to be hierarchal, in which the West is dominating. As a result, Song cannot go along with neither of two cultures as Gallimard notices, "I think you must have some kind of identity problems" (MB 88). Hwang presents the character of Song as a means of exposing the ster