Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in 10-11year Old Egyptian females

Abstract

Accurate assessment of bone density in pediatric patients differs significantly from bone density assessment in adults and is essential for accurate diagnosis and management (Wildman SS et al., 2012), this necessitate the presence of pediatric specific normative database. This study was designed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy Egyptian females, so 20 Egyptian females aged 10-11 years, who were completely healthy, were included. They had been recruited from three elementary schools in Cairo. All of them were subjected to: 1- Full history including: • Assessment of daily dietary calcium intake through food frequency questionnaire. • Assessment of duration of sunlight exposure (hours per week) • Assessment of duration of physical activity (hours per week) • Assessment of socioeconomic status according to criteria of EL-Bohy. 2- Physical examination including: • General and systemic examination. • Measurement of weight, height and BMI together with calculation of their SDS.

3- Blood samples were collected: for estimation of serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. 4- Assessment of whole-body BMD, subtotal BMD, lumbar spine BMD, left femoral neck BMD, whole body BMC, lean body mass and whole-body fat, using the dual energy absorptiometry (DXA), and apparent volumetric BMD (BMAD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were calculated. The study showed that: The weight was significantly positive correlated with BMD in all studied areas. Height was significantly positive correlated with BMD in all studied areas except in the femoral neck. BMI was significantly positive correlated with BMD in most of the studied areas. BMD in most of the studied areas were increased by increase in age. It was noticed that as the hours of sunlight exposure increased, subtotal and lumbar spine, BMD had increased. It was also noticed that there were significant negative correlations between serum calcium levels and Whole Body BMD, Whole Body BMD Z score, Subtotal Body BMD, Whole Body BMC and LSBMAD, but insignificant correlation between other laboratory findings and DXA parameters. There were insignificant correlations between each of calcium intake, physical activity and socioeconomic level and BMD in all studied areas.