Recent assessment approaches for detection of genotoxicity of some food additives in rats

Abstract

A potential exposure route for general population is the oral ingestion because TiO2 is used as a food additive. Also, biodistribution test showed that TiO2 mainly retained in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lung tissues, which indicated that TiO2 particles could be transported to other tissues after reuptake by gastrointestinal tract. Although, some studies investigated the immuntoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles. But, little is known about these effects following non nanoTiO2 exposure as non-nano form may exhibit properties different from their nanomaterials. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the immuntoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potency of the food additive TiO2 at two doses in rats following long term exposure. Sixty adult male albino rats were divided into six groups. The first three groups were orally administered 0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, titanium oxide at 20 and 40 mg/kg b.wt. b.wt., respectively. The other three groups: were given distilled water and acrylamide at 1 and 2 mg/kg b.wt., respectively. For 90 consecutive days, rats were dosed daily using intragastric intubation at a dose of 1 ml/100 g body weight. The exact dose of TiO2 that each animal received was calculated based on the most recently collected body weight and the suspension concentration. Rats were observed during the experimental period for signs of toxicity, morbidity, and mortality. The experimental procedures were done in line with the