The Significance of Brain Biomarkers in Poor Language Development among a group of Egyptian Children with Autism

Abstract

Autism is a set of complicated neurodevelopmental problems of unidentified etiology that manifests with problems with social communication, verbal communication and behavior deficits as stereotype activities and repetitive actions. The majority of cases of traditional autism found with failure to develop normal, social or language skills, which is called early onset autism. Nevertheless, a group of children with autistic attributes grow normally till about 18 to 24 months of age after which they show neuro-regression. This is called as regressive autism. Symptoms or signs commonly begins before three years of age and may lead to delays or troubles in many different skills which develop from childhood to adulthood. However, the age of diagnosis is around 6 years. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is assessed by a medical psychologist by DSM-IV criteria that can be quite challenging because of complex phenotypes. Therefore, early diagnosis is required thus ideal biomarkers is being investigated. Different patients with autism have various spectrum of mild to severe autistic characteristics and clinical symptoms. So the expression “Autism Spectrum Disorder” is frequently used by doctors. Dopamine and serotonin are among the neurotransmitters which were suspected to be altered in autism. Dopamine is suspected to be involved in repetitive behaviors, deficits in executive functions