Phytochemical and biological studies on Teucrium brevifolium at North Western Coastal region

Abstract

This work has been carried out to investigate the chemical constituents and some biological activities of Teucrium brevifolium Schreb., of family Lamiaceae. Elemental analysis of macro-and micronutrients side by side with other elements were carried out. The plant contained 12 protein amino acids including aspartic acid (which was the highest detected non-essential amino acid). In addition, 9 free and 6 combine sugars (Glucuronic, Galactose were the highest detected free and combined sugar, respectively). The unsaponifiable matter contains 38 compounds, hexadecane was the highest hydrocarbon, beside 1 sterol (Sitosterol). On the other hand, saponifiable matter revealed the presence of 11 compound, the highest percent was for Oleyl oleate wax ester. Identification of flavonoid and phenolic compounds using HPLC was done, the highest percent was for Rutin (8.2884%). Isolation and identification of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, using different chromatographic methods revealed the presence of three flavonoid compounds namely, Apigenin, Apigenin-7-glucoside and Kaempferol in addition to 3 phenolic compounds namely, Gallic acid, Ferulic acid and Chlorogenic. Identification of these compounds was carried out using Rf-values, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C- NMR and MS spectral analysis. Antimicrobial activity of the total extract of the plant and its successive fractions was evaluated. The ethyl acetate and di ethyl ether fractions showed the most promising activity on all tested bacterial and fungal strains with MIC ranges observed from 10.62 to 85 mg/ml. Moreover, the di- ethyl ether fraction was recorded as the highly cytotoxic against HEPG2, with IC50 = 3.83 µg/ml.