Effect of Nano Hydroxyapatite Coated by Chitosan and Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles on Osteogenic Differentiation and Proliferation of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla

Abstract

Regenerative endodontic procedure is a novel modality which involves physiological replacement of the damaged structures. This procedure considered the treatment of choice for necrotic immature permanent teeth because it promotes the completion of root development, thickening of their weak dentinal wall and normal physiologic responses. However, this procedure is based on the combination and interplay of 3 key elements for tissue regeneration, namely stem cells, bioactive molecules, and scaffolds. (1) Stem cells of the apical papilla are derived from an embryonic neural crest like soft tissue, located at the apex of the incompletely developed root(71). One of the most important aims in regenerative endodontic treatment is to create a healing environment for regeneration so that sealing material can be placed on top of the blood clot. Thus, biocompatible sealing materials are essential. The sealing material should prevent bacterial or toxin leakage, show biocompatibility, and enhance cell proliferation and differentiation. (48) Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Hydroxyapatite coated by Chitosan Nano-particles and Bioactive Glass Nano-particles on osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of stem cells of apical papilla. Materials and methods: