Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS): Inter-observer Agreement and Impact of Reader's Experience

Abstract

Bladder cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide. The majority of bladder cancers are urothelial cell carcinomas, and these can be divided into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The first choice of treatment for NMIBC has been transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT) followed by intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy, whereas the first choice of treatment for MIBC has been cystectomy or systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, the distinction of NMIBC and MIBC is one of the most important issues in the treatment of bladder cancer. For the staging of bladder cancer, CT and MRI are the important modalities of choice. Although CT is the first choice for N (node) or M (metastasis) staging, the accuracy of T (tumor) staging, especially for the distinction of NMIBC and MIBC, is insufficient. Multiparametric-MRI (mp-MRI) has recently become one of the most important modalities of choice for the T staging of bladder cancer.