Effect of Sex Difference on the Analgesic Response of Nalbuphine after Major Orthopedic Surgery in One Egyptian Intensive Care

Abstract

here are some studies regarding role of sex differences and its effect on pain perception modulation and response to pain therapies. The results are variable and not conclusive. This may be related to biological, physical, environmental, and genetic factors. Studies regarding effect of sex difference on pain perception and response to analgesic among Egyptian population are scanty. So, the aim of this study was to assess whether there was an effect of sex difference among Egyptian population on pain perception and response to the analgesic nalbuphine on post-operative pain after major orthopedic surgery patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), at Ain Shams University hospitals. Also, adverse effects of nalbuphine were compared in both sexes. This comparative prospective analytical study enrolled 100 postoperative patients admitted to ICU after major orthopedic surgery; 50 females and 50 males. Post-operative pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) on admission and at 1,2,4,8,12,24 hours post-operative, Sedation was assessed by Ramsay sedation score on admission and at 3,6,12,24 hours post-operative, Adverse effects were recorded and compared. In the present study, there was no significant statistical difference regarding body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities except that hypertension and smoking were more in males than females.