Structure and microstructure characterization of the mixed sesquioxides (Gd<inf>1-x</inf>Yb<inf>x</inf>)<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and (Gd <inf>1-x</inf>Ho<inf>x</inf>)<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> prepared by sol-gel process

Abstract

Polycrystalline samples of (Gd1-xYbx) 2O3 and (Gd1-xHox)2O 3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were synthesized by a sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction data were collected and crystal structure and microstructure analyses were performed using the Rietveld refinement method. All samples were found to have the same crystal system and formed solid solutions over the whole range of x. For the system (Gd1-xHox)2O 3, the cationic distribution over the two non-equivalent sites 8b and 24d of the space group Ia3 were found to be random for all values of x. For (Gd1-xYbx)2O3, the distribution is random in the range 0.0 < x ≤ 0.5 and preferential in the range 0.5 < x ≤ 1.0. The lattice parameters are found to vary linearly with the composition x. Replacing Gd3+ and Yb3+, or Gd3+ and Ho3+, by each other introduces slight changes in relative atomic coordinates. Crystallite size and microstrain analyses were performed along different crystallographic directions and both are found to vary anisotropically with the composition parameter (x). The obtained values of microstrain are correlated with the distribution of the rare earth ions over the two cationic sites of the structure. The average crystallite size ranges from 45 to 144 nm and the root mean square (r.m.s.) strain from 0.018 to 0.409 × 10 -2. © 2005 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain - all rights reserved.