Ain Shams Scholar Collection:

Scale insects infesting guava trees and control measure of Pulvinaria psidii (Hemiptera: Coccidae) by using the alternative insecticides.

2024-03-21T07:27:00Z

Title: Scale insects infesting guava trees and control measure of Pulvinaria psidii (Hemiptera: Coccidae) by using the alternative insecticides. Authors: Bakr, Reda; Saber F. Mousa; Laila S. Hamouda; Rawda M.Badawy; Sahar A. Atteia Abstract: Nine scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) belongs to four families were collected during updated survey at Qaliobiya Governorate for two successive years. A key with photographs and illustrations are introduced; the seasonal fluctuation and the population density of all stages of the most serious soft scale insect, Pulvinaria psidii Maskell(Hemiptera: Coccidae)were studied in relation to five main weather factors. Three predators, Rodalia cardinalis Mulsant, Chilocorus bipustulatus L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Amblyserius swiriskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were collected associated with P. psidii and their effect with the other meteorological factors are analyzed statistically using partial regression method to decide their contemporary effect. The half monthly variation was calculated and the number of generations of this soft scaleper year were estimated throughout the two successive years of investigation to indicate the high infestation of this pest to reach 327 insect/ leaf at 1st may, the lowest population density were during winter season. The efficacy of the alternative pesticides (Biological insecticides, mineral oils, IGRs) andorganophosphorus insecticides for controlling this serious pest different stages during summer and winter field sprayings were applied to insure that: the summer spray was more effective than the winter spray, the mineral oils and soap gave high efficacy after two weeks of spraying and still increasing till the end of the experiment, without observed phytotoxicity; IGRs and biological insecticides started to give good efficacy after one month of spraying and also still to increase till the end, in addition to their safety effect, opposite to the synthetic insecticides that gave a very good efficacy at the beginning of the experiment and decreased gradually. Finely the application time is very important; the organophosphorus compounds must be replaced by these other friendly alternatives; rearing and releasing these predators must be used in this pest control management.

Evaluation of boldenone as a growth promoter in broilers: Safety and meat quality aspects

2023-08-27T07:51:35Z

Title: Evaluation of boldenone as a growth promoter in broilers: Safety and meat quality aspects Authors: Elmajdoub, Abdelrazzag; Garbaj, Aboubaker; Abolghait, Said; El-Mahmoudy, Abubakr Abstract: The object of this study was to evaluate the safety and meat quality criteria in broilers following intramuscular injection of boldenone. Twenty-four broiler chicks, divided into two groups, were used in the present study. Boldenone was injected intramuscularly at a single-dose level of 5 mg/kg body weight into 12 broiler chicks at 2 weeks old; the other 12 chicks were injected with sesame oil and kept as controls. Blood samples were collected from the wing and metatarsal veins after 1, 2, and 3 weeks through the experimental course for hematological and clinic-chemical safety parameters. On the last day, chicks were humanely sacrificed and livers and kidneys were removed for histopathological examination. Breast muscles were also removed to assess meat-quality parameters. Boldenone significantly (p < 0.05) increased total erythrocytic count and hemoglobin and hematocrit values, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration indices decreased. Leukogram showed leukopenia, lymphopenia, and granulocytosis (p < 0.05) as compared to control. Hepatorenal biomarkers, including alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the corresponding control values. Additionally, boldenone significantly (p < 0.05) increased metabolic markers, including total protein, globulins, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and glucose, with parallel decreases in albumin and albumin/globulin ratio. Degenerative changes were recorded in liver and kidney tissues from chicks treated with boldenone. Muscle samples exhibited raised pH values and higher microbial counts as compared to the corresponding control. These data may discourage the use of boldenone as a growth promoter in broilers due to safety and meat quality reasons.

Suicide plasmid-dependent IS1-element untargeted integration into aeromonas veronii bv. Sobria generates brown pigment-producing and spontaneous pelleting mutant

2023-08-27T07:50:43Z

Title: Suicide plasmid-dependent IS1-element untargeted integration into aeromonas veronii bv. Sobria generates brown pigment-producing and spontaneous pelleting mutant Authors: Abolghait, Said Abstract: Foodborne Gram-negative pathogens belonging to the genus Aeromonas are variable in harboring insertion sequence (IS) elements that play an important role in the generation of dysfunctional relatives of known genes. Using suicide plasmids carrying an IS1-element, untargeted integration is a common problem during experimental trials to generate specific mutations by homologous recombination. In this work, different strains of Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria (AeG1 and ATCC 9071T), A. hydrophila ATCC 19570, and A. sobria ATCC 43979T are examined for acquisition of IS1-element from pYAK1 suicide plasmid. It was found that untargeted integration of IS1-element is encountered only in ATCC 9071T strain. Such untargeted integration generates a novel brown pigment-producing and spontaneous pelleting (BP+SP+) mutant. Furthermore, BP+SP+ mutant strain secretes significantly higher quantity of PilF homologous protein than the wild-type strain and displays an enhanced protein tyrosine phosphorylation activity. Thus, current work shows that Aeromonas spp. strains are variable in their susceptibility for suicide plasmid-dependent IS1-element untargeted integration as well as the susceptible strain is changed to mimic pigment-producing and spontaneous pelleting strains that are naturally occurring among heterogeneous group of foodborne aeromonads. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Myxobolus episquamalis infection in farmed flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus L. and thin-lipped mullet Liza ramada

2023-08-27T07:49:46Z

Title: Myxobolus episquamalis infection in farmed flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus L. and thin-lipped mullet Liza ramada Authors: Eissa, Alaa Eldin; Abolghait, Said; Younis, Nehal A.; Dessouki, Amina A.; El-Lamie, Maather M.; Abu Mhara, Abdelsalam A.; Abdelsalam, Mohamed Abstract: Egypt is the largest producer of farmed mullets worldwide. The mullet seeds are collected from natural waters at the north and northern east of Egypt. Thus, the occurrence of parasitic diseases is relatively high even after being stocked in aquaculture facilities. The current study was conducted on a fish farm located at the coastal area of the Suez Canal region, Egypt. Farmed flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and thin-lipped grey mullet (Liza ramada) showed pinkish-white granular cysts on their body surfaces that measured approximately 5 mm (4–6 mm) in width and 7 mm (5–9 mm) in length and contained a milky coloured exudate. The proximal portion of the fins and apical part of the scales were the only sites of infection. These cysts are randomly scattered throughout the fish body surface. No mortalities were detected among moribund mullets, but these cysts make the fish unsightly, causing commercial rejection. The overall prevalence of infection was 40%. Giemsa-stained wet smears initially indicated that the spores were of Myxobolus species. Subsequently, the phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the identification of spores as being those of Myxobolus episquamalis. Furthermore, amprolium-salinomycin mixture, which has an established track record for treating myxozoan infections in multiple fish species, was successfully tested in a large-scale field trial. Moribund mullets displayed significant reduction in myxosporean infection following treatment with amprolium-salinomycin mixture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the detection of M. episquamalis in farmed flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and thin-lipped grey mullet (Liza ramada) collected from fish farms in the Suez Canal, Egypt.