CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM SOME SPECIES OF GREEN AND BLUE GREEN ALGAE

Abstract

In these centuries we face many challenges of many diseases such as diseases of hepatic, kidney and other organs and cancer, so we hope to present some chemical compounds that extracted from algae (Chlorella vulgaris as green algae) and Spirulina platensis as blue green algae) and which may be present a cure against hepatic diseases or cancer. The enhancement of carotenoids content in green algae Chlorella vulgaris and the blue green algae Spirulina platensis was carried out by many biotechnological applications. The identification of carotenoids was carried out using HPLC-MS analysis. The molecular weight of β-carotene is carried out by mass spectrum. The carotenoids extract of algae was used as DNA damage prevention. Moreover, these extracts were used as anticancer activity using prostate carcinoma cell line (PC3), colon carcinoma cell line (HCT-116), liver carcinoma cell line (Hep G), Cervival carcinoma cell line (HELA), Breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7), larynx carcinoma cell line (HEP2), intestinal carcinoma cell line (CACO), lung carcinoma cell line (A549) the obtained results showed that carotenoids extracts of yellow Spirulina platensis and yellow Chlorella vulgaris were more effective than carotenoids extracts of green Spirulina platensis and green Chlorella vulgaris. Obtained results revealed a significant elevation of serum AST, ALT and ALP activity in carbon tetrachloride group as compared to normal controls (P<0.001), indicating that carbon tetrachloride induced damage to the hepatic cells. A significant (P<0.001) reduction was observed in AST, ALT and ALP in the groups treated with algae in comparison with those observed in the CCl4 treated group, though the decrease was maximum in group rat which receive a dose of 500 mg/kg. The obtained data suggested the possibility of algae to give protection against liver injury upon CCl4 induction. Effects of algae on serum triglycerides and cholesterol were also investigated. Carbon tetrachloride affects also serum triglycerides and cholesterol as compared to normal controls. Algae administration lowered serum triglycerides and cholesterol in serum. Similar trends were also observed in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. Algae administration lowered serum LDL, but by contrast, elevate HDL in comparison with control. There was no significant difference was found between Albumin and creatinine in group rat administrated algae and control.