Use of Biotechnology for Utilization of Some Agricultural Wastes to Produce Active Bioingrdients for Food Fortification

Abstract

Rice straw and corn cobs were collected from Mitt Halfa, Qalyubia, and Abu Roach Giza, Egypt. The proximate chemical composition of rice straw and corn cobs was measured.The major constituents of both rice straw and corn cobs are carbohydrate expressed as total sugars was recorded 66.3 and 73.2% respectively. However rice straw contained higher amount of ash than corn cobs. Protein and lipid contents of rice straw and corn cobs were 2.49 and 3.385 for the former and 4.687and 4.019 for the latter one. Some contents of minerals for tested agro wastes namely rice straw and corn cobs were assayed.where, The predominant mineral content was Mg in both the two tested agro wastes recorded 270.6 and 60.5 mg/100g for corn cobs and rice straw. While, P and Ca were in the second order for corn cobs and rice straw respectively. However K came in the third order for both the tested samples. On the other hand, corn cobs were more rich content of Fe than rice straw. Also, Mn content recorded the lowest content for both of the two tested samples. Rice straw and corn cobs were prepared as substrate in growth microbial media. Trials were used to use sodium carbonate as alkaline pretreating of corn cobs and rice straw instead of sodium hydroxide and use the yield from these pretreatments in solid state fermentation to produce xylanase by using S. cervisiea and B. subtilis. Among different alkaline pretreatments with various concentrations of sodium carbonate (2, 4 and 6%) which used for treating rice straw and corn cobs to use as substrate in the fermentation media for producing xylanase. Results showed that, the corn cobs pretreated with 6% sodium carbonate caused to obtain the maximum yield of xylanase by using S. cervisiea and B. subtilis (60.052 m mole) compared whit other pretreated rice straw which produced (50.2935 m mole) of xylanase by using S. cervisiea Consequentially, results also indicated that, by increasing the concentration of pretreated corn cobs from 2 to 6% sodium carbonate, the gradual incremental of xylanase was while; the lower the production of xylanase was noticed by using 2 and 4% sodium Carbonate used for pretreated of corn cobs which used in the growth media of B. subtilis compared with S. cervisiea.