GEOPHYSICAL CONTRIBUTION TO DELINEATE THE GROUNDWATER INVASION ON THE PYRAMIDS PLATEAU, GIZA, EGYPT

Abstract

The study area locates

Pyramids plateau of the Giza governorate of

Egypt. It lies about 11 km west o Cairo and covers a surface area of about 4 km2

It is defined to the north by · a Honse Hotel, to the south by Kafr El-Gabal village, to the east by Nazlet El-S village and to the west by the Ciaro-Fayoum road. However, the main purpose f this study is to manage a solution to eliminate, or even to minimize, the threaten fthe ground and underground water invasion on this monumental location in E t. Moreover, such an area was subjected to easons, among them the nature of human being interference, atmospheric changes subsurface geologic arid hydrologic features, the

constituents of the plateaurock Geoiogically; the area is pped by Middle to Upper Eocene and Pliocene rocks, as well as by the Nile flo plain sediments, that extend to the foot of the Pyramids cliff where the Sphinx· iying. The hlghest point on the cliff is about 100 m (osl), while the flood plain hei t iSabout 18 in (osl).

Geomorphologically; the ea can be subdivided into the following morphic features: 1. Limestone cliff of the Giza p teau that surrounded to the west by two steep

escarpments, to the east by the lower part of the northern escarpment Md to the south by Heit El-Ghorab ridge ries ofi:J.il!s. 2. Nile flood plain that characte · by Holocene alluvial deposits.

3. Darb El-Fayoum that formed m Middle and Upper Mokattam rocks. Stratigraphically; the Gizli Pyramids plateau is made up of Middle Eocene (Lutetian) Mokattam Formation overlained southwardly by the Upper Eocene Maadi Formation, that overlaine northwardly by the Pliocene sediments, then by the Holocene deposits of the Nile oods.